@PhDThesis{Moraes:2012:PAREVA,
author = "Moraes, Luiz Eduardo de Souza",
title = "ECOLOGIA ESPACIAL DA SARDINHA VERDADEIRA (Sardinella brasiliensis
Steindachner 1879): PADR{\~O}ES RELACIONADOS {\`A} VARIABILIDADE
ATMOSF{\'E}RICA E OCE{\^A}NICA NO ATL{\^A}NTICO SUDOESTE",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2012",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2012-09-17",
keywords = "sardinha verdadeira, variabilidade ambiental,
distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial sensoriamento remoto, Plataforma
Continental sudeste Brasileira, brazilian sardinella, enviromental
variability, spatial distrubuition, remote sensing, Southeastern
Brazilian Bight.",
abstract = "A distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial da sardinha verdadeira
(\textit{Sardinella brasiliensis}) foi investigada durante os
est{\'a}gios de vida planct{\^o}nico (embrion{\'a}rio e larvar)
e adulto, empregando-se uma s{\'e}rie de coletas de
ictiopl{\^a}ncton conduzidas entre 1976 e 1993, e dados de
captura pela frota de cerco, no per{\'{\i}}odo de 2000 a 2006. A
caracteriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o do ambiente oceanogr{\'a}fico da
Plataforma Continental Sudeste Brasileira (PCSB) empregou dados
\textit{in situ} e descritores multivariados, criados a partir de
conjuntos de vari{\'a}veis de rean{\'a}lise (Simple Ocean Data
Analysis), no per{\'{\i}}odo de 1976 a 1993, e Sensoriamento
Remoto (SR - TSM, Vento e Clorofila-\$\alpha\$), no
per{\'{\i}}odo entre 2000 e 2006. A variabilidade da estrutura
espacial foi quantificada e descrita atrav{\'e}s de modelos de
regress{\~a}o m{\'u}ltipla, empregando conjuntos de Autovetores
Espaciais como vari{\'a}veis explanat{\'o}rias, representando
padr{\~o}es espaciais em um gradiente de escalas. A
descri{\c{c}}{\~a}o da estrutura espacial empregou um conjunto
predefinido de escalas de refer{\^e}ncia: Escalas Macro - 200 km
a 400 km; Escalas M{\'e}dias - 50 km a 199 km; e Escalas Locais -
< 50 km. Varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es temporais na estrutura espacial
foram testadas quanto {\`a} sua signific{\^a}ncia
estat{\'{\i}}stica, atrav{\'e}s de modelos de An{\'a}lise de
Vari{\^a}ncia (ANOVA) modificados. A influ{\^e}ncia do ambiente
sobre os arranjos espaciais observados (depend{\^e}ncia espacial)
foi explorada atrav{\'e}s de Analises de Codepend{\^e}ncia
Multiescala, sendo interpretada com base nas escalas de
refer{\^e}ncia supracitadas. Os resultados para os est{\'a}gios
planct{\^o}nicos mostram distribui{\c{c}}{\~o}es de ovos
estruturadas principalmente nas escalas M{\'e}dias e Locais. As
distribui{\c{c}}{\~o}es de larvas mostram uma
estrutura{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial mais evidente, com variabilidade
em escalas Macro e M{\'e}dias. O comportamento temporal da
estrutura espacial mostra uma maior import{\^a}ncia relativa das
escalas Macro nos ver{\~o}es de 1977 e 1993, sugerindo a
ocorr{\^e}ncia de expans{\~o}es e contra{\c{c}}{\~o}es nos
habitats reprodutivos. As varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es temporais na
estrutura espacial n{\~a}o se mostram significativas em nenhum
est{\'a}gio planct{\^o}nico, embora as varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es nas
densidades apresentem-se significativamente estruturadas. As
rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de depend{\^e}ncia espacial com
vari{\'a}veis termohalinas sugerem contribui{\c{c}}{\~o}es
substanciais da estabilidade t{\'e}rmica superficial, e aportes
continentais, na estrutura{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial dos habitats
reprodutivos. No est{\'a}gio adulto, a an{\'a}lise dos
descritores multivariados (Sensoriamento Remoto) evidencia forte
variabilidade ambiental nas escalas interanuais. Os resultados
tamb{\'e}m sugerem um padr{\~a}o sazonal de deslocamento
\textit{alongshore}, no qual a esp{\'e}cie se concentra
preferencialmente na plataforma de Santos durante a
transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o ver{\~a}o-outono, deslocando-se para o
setor sul da PCSB durante o inverno. Nos meses precedentes {\`a}
desova (primavera), parte do estoque reocupa a plataforma de
Santos. Embora a estrutura espacial mostre varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es
interanuais significativas, n{\~a}o se observam ciclos temporais
bem definidos em nenhum dos cen{\'a}rios analisados. As
rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de codepend{\^e}ncia com os descritores
multivariados (dados SR) n{\~a}o mostram comportamento
recorrente, sugerindo uma influ{\^e}ncia significativa de
mecanismos comportamentais no processo de sele{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
habitats, em curtas escalas de tempo. Em escala sazonal, uma
ocupa{\c{c}}{\~a}o alternada dos setores norte e sul da PCSB
pode estar relacionada {\`a} intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos
principais mecanismos de enriquecimento em escala regional,
notadamente a intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o das intrus{\~o}es da
{\'A}gua Central do Atl{\^a}ntico Sul, prevalentes no
ver{\~a}o, e {\`a}s intrus{\~o}es superficiais da Corrente
Costeira do Brasil no inverno. ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution
of the brazilian sardine (\textit{Sardinella brasiliensis}) was
investigated during plantonic (eggs and larvae) and adult stages.
The role of environmental forcing on the spatial configurations
was also explored for the first time. Ichthyoplankton samples were
acquired during a series of oceanographic surveys, conducted
between December 1976 and January 1993. Spatial distribution at
adult stages was inferred from logbook data registering the purse
seine fleet activity between February 2000 and November 2006.
Environmental data included \textit{in situ} temperature and
salinity samples (1976 to 1993), a set of Simple Ocean Data
Analysis (SODA) variables (1976 to 1993); and Remote Sensing (RS)
data (SST, Wind and Chlorophyll--\$\alpha\$) (2000 to 2006).
Prior to analyses, SODA and Remote sensing data were reduced by
Principal Component Analysis, creating a new set of multivariate
gradient descriptors. The spatial structure was decomposed and
quantified through a series of multiple regression models, using
spatial eigenvectors as explanatory variables. The description of
the spatial structures was based on a set of predefined reference
scales: Macro Scales - 200 km to 400 km; Medium Scales - 50 km to
199 km; Local Scales - < 50 km. Temporal variations in the spatial
structure were detected using modified Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) models. Relationships of spatial dependency with the
physical environment were explored through Multiscale Codependence
Analyses (MCA). Results for the planktonic stages show that the
distributions of eggs were structured mainly in Medium and Local
scales. Spatial structuring is more evident for larvae
distributions, where Macro and Medium scale variability
predominate. Contributions in the Macro scales became more evident
in the summers of 1977 and 1993, which might suggest expansions of
the reproductive habitats. Temporal variations in egg and larvae
densities were significant, although variations in the spatial
structure were not significant at both stages. The reproductive
habitats were characterized by higher surface temperatures and
lower surface salinities, highlighting the importance of surface
thermal stability and freshwater inputs. The analysis of the RS
based multivariate descriptors shows that the Brazilian sardine
spends his adult stages in a highly dynamic environment. Results
also suggest a seasonal migration pattern, in which the sardine
concentrates off Santos during the summer-autumn transition,
moving to the southern sector of the SBB during autumn-winter. In
the spring, fisheries concentrate both at Santos platform, and
between Santa Catarina and Paranagu{\'a}. Changes in the spatial
structure are significant in a interannual scale, and do not seem
to follow regular cycles. Multiscale associations with
multivariate gradient descriptors are characterized by frequent
inversions of the correlation signals. This suggests that, at
short time scales, habitat selection may be mostly driven by
behavioral mechanisms. On a seasonal scale, an alternating
occupation of the northern and southern sectors of the
Southeastern Brazilan Bight might be related with the onset of the
main enrichment mechanisms in a regional scale, namely the South
Atlantic Central Water intrusions, during summer, and the cold and
less saline surface intrusions, provided by the Brazil Coastal
Current, during winter.",
committee = "Lorenzzetti, Jo{\~a}o Antonio (presidente) and Gherardi, Douglas
Francisco Marcolino (orientador) and Paes, Eduardo Tavares
(orientador) and Muelbert, Jos{\'e} Henrique and Fr{\'e}dou,
Fl{\'a}via Lucena",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF THE BRAZILIAN SARDINE (Sardinella brasiliensis
Steindachner 1879): PATTERNS RELATED TO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC
VARIABILITY IN THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC",
language = "pt",
pages = "322",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP7W/3CF6A2S",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP7W/3CF6A2S",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "21 maio 2024"
}